碳酸钠溶液结晶抑制剂的制备与应用

以乙二胺、羟基乙腈、异丙醇为原料,合成一种碳酸钠结晶抑制剂ELYZ-09,并研究了反应温度与搅拌速率对结晶抑制剂效果的影响,当合成温度为70 ℃、搅拌速率为420 r/min时,合成的结晶抑制剂效果最好。对研制的结晶抑制剂做了现场应用实验,当自制的碳酸钠抑制剂ELYZ-09加注质量分数≥0.12%时,20%（质量分数）的碳酸钠溶液冷却到10 ℃时没有晶体析出,抑制结晶率达到100%,同时不会对碳酸钠溶液的pH、碳酸根含量产生影响。     

白云鄂博云母型低品位稀土-铁矿石选矿试验研究

针对白云鄂博铁精矿杂质含量高的问题,进行分类选矿。以云母型低品位铁-稀土矿石为对象,原矿TFe品位17.48%,主要以磁铁矿和赤铁矿形式存在,且细粒级中分布率较高。通过阶段磨矿-弱磁选回收磁性铁,弱磁尾矿强磁-磨矿-强磁-反浮选回收弱磁性氧化铁工艺,在最佳条件下获得TFe品位为65.49%,产率为20.85%,回收率为66.77%的铁精矿,对该矿石的开发利用具有借鉴意义。     

Cylindrical lithium-ion structural batteries for drones

The low cost, simplicity, and easy use of battery-powered multirotor aircraft has led to their adoption in commercial, industrial, agricultural, and military applications. These aircraft, however, have limited payloads and shorter endurance and range than fuel-powered conventional aircraft. To extend these key performance metrics, a structural battery is developed that uses commercially available battery cells as load bearing and power source elements for weight critical applications. The cylindrical structural battery is tested in three-point bending and is found to have four times higher stiffness and two times higher yield strength than the structure without battery reinforcement. Simulations of a quadcopter, redesigned with the proposed cylindrical structural batteries, demonstrate 41% longer hover time.     

Effect of interface morphology on the residual stress distribution in solid oxide fuel cell

Solid oxide fuel cell directly and efficiently converts chemical energy to electrical energy. However, the necessity for high operating temperatures can result in mechanical failure. Fuel cell is a multilayer system and its stress distribution is greatly affected by the interface morphology. In this work, cosine interfaces with different amplitudes are used to approximate the fluctuation of actual interface. The effects of interface morphology on stress state, energy release rate of crack and creep behavior have been investigated. The results show that if the interface is planar, the residual normal stress component is zero on the interface, while the nonplanarity of interface can cause the normal stress S_n and shear stress S_t on the interface. When the amplitude is relatively small, the max values of S_n and S_t on the interfaces vary linearly with increasing amplitudes in both anode and cathode. Above a certain value, nonlinearity of the interface becomes important. Max tensile S_n always occurs at the peak of convex interface, but the position of max compressive S_n varies. Max shear stress is prone to occur at 1/4 of the wavelength at small amplitude and moves towards 1/2 of the wavelength when the amplitude increases. Fracture mechanics analysis shows that the surface crack possibly penetrates into the anode function layer and then is constrained by the stiff electrolyte. On the other hand, the horizontal crack likely penetrates into the electrolyte layer when the interface is not planar. Creep analysis shows that 11 800 hours of continuous operation at high temperature cannot remove stress undulation introduced by nor-planar interface but can make max value of Sn and St decrease around 30%.     

Maximum efficiency point tracking for an ocean thermal energy harvesting system

Limited energy is the most critical factor that restricts the persistent presence of underwater vehicles in the oceans; thus, harvesting the ocean's thermal energy that is stored in the water column between the sea surface and deep water is a particularly promising solution for the current power shortage. This paper has designed a new ocean thermal energy conversion system which using phase change material as energy storage medium, and proposed a novel maximum efficiency point tracking (MEPT) method for energy conversion. This new method, which is integrated with a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the proportion integration differentiation (PID) control method, could effectively improve the efficiency of energy conversion. Compared with the power generation system that does not use the MEPT method, experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the efficiency of the power generation from less than 19.05% to more than 34.3% and has higher stability (using this method: the efficiency changes from 34.3%-34.7%; without using this method: the efficiency changes from 13.56% -19.05%) when the load changes. This novel method can be used in many conditions, especially when the mathematical model of the generation system is unknown or researchers want to use fewer sensors for maximum efficiency point tracking.     

Numerical investigation of water dynamics in a novel wettability gradient anode flow channel for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

The effective removal and transport of water in flow channels play an important role in the water management of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this paper, a novel design of anode serpentine flow channel with the wettability gradient wall is discussed and numerically investigated by utilizing the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method. The effects of the contact angle and the wettability gradient of channel walls, as well as hydrogen flow velocity and water droplet size, on the droplet dynamic behavior are studied. The results indicate that compared with the conventional flow channel, the water droplet can be more effectively removed from the turning part in the wettability gradient flow channel. And the water removal ability in the turning part is improved with the increase of the wettability gradient. Moreover, the wettability gradient flow channel can also improve the water removal performance for the cases with different hydrogen flow velocities and water droplet sizes. This study provides ideas for guiding the design of flow channel to effectively enhance anode water management.     

大功率垃圾填埋气内燃机发电机组氮氧化物排放研究

兆瓦级燃气内燃机发电机组是垃圾填埋气发电中所采用的主要机型,为了了解其烟气NOx排放状况,分别对两个不同型号和制造商的填埋气发电机组的排放性能进行了测试。结果显示:填埋气发动机的NOx排放浓度较高,但随着发电功率负荷的增加呈现降低的变化趋势,其中,NO2所占比重较大,且NO2/NO比值随发电负荷的增加而增加。由于在所测试的负荷工况中,烟气NOx浓度均高于500 mg/m3的排放限值,因此,对填埋气发电机组进行脱硝治理成为需要关注的一项工作。